Double Asynchronous Switching Control for Takagi–Sugeno Fuzzy Markov Jump Systems via Adaptive Event-Triggered Mechanism

This article addresses the issue of adaptive event- triggered H∞ control for Markov jump systems based on Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy model. Firstly, a new double asynchronous switching controller is presented to deal with the problem of the mismatch of premise variables and modes between the controller and the plant, which is widespread in real network environment. To further reduce the power consumption of communication, a switching adaptive event-triggered mechanism is adopted to relieve the network transmission pressure while ensuring the control effect. In addition, a new Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional (LKF) is constructed to reduce conservatism by introducing the membership functions (MFs) and time-varying delays informa- tion. Meanwhile, the invariant set is estimated to ensure the stability of the system. And the disturbance rejection ability is measured by the optimal H∞ performance index. Finally, two examples are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach

Quantitative Evaluation Method for Industrial Control System Vulnerability Based on Improved Expert Elicitation and Fuzzy Set Method

For the problems of scientificity and reliability of vulnerability quantitative assessment method based on attack tree model, we propose an improved expert decision method based on attack tree model to improve the reliability of expert decision aggregation and solve the problem of insufficient evaluation data for the vulnerability quantitative evaluation method. Firstly, based on the expert decision aggregation method, the concept of deviation degree is proposed, and the maximum deviation degree method is innovatively proposed to screen fuzzy evaluations of experts. Then the deviation degree is taken as one of the influencing factors of fuzzy evaluations aggregation, and the expert fuzzy evaluations are aggregated to solve the problem of insufficient evaluation data. Finally, the improved expert decision aggregation method is combined with the vulnerability quantitative evaluation method based on the attack tree model to quantify the leaf nodes, security events, and attack sequence events. Using the ship industry control system as an illustration, we analyze and evaluate the feasibility and scientific validity of the proposed method. This analysis effectively enhances the reliability of the expert’s fuzzy evaluation summary, solves the problem of insufficient evaluation data, and provides an important basis for the information security protection of the industrial control system

Research Progress on Types, Detection and Desensitization Technology of the Main Allergens in Nuts

In recent years, allergic reactions caused by eating nuts have been reported frequently, which has become an important food safety problem that affects and threatens human health. This paper introduces the properties and hazards of common allergens in nuts, lists the main technologies, characteristics and applications used in nut allergen detection at home and abroad, compares and analyzes the desensitization effects, advantages and disadvantages of different treatment methods on allergens in nuts, and points out the shortcomings and future development prospects of allergen detection and desensitization technology in nuts, in order to provide a theoretical basis for nut processing and consumption, and promote the development of the nut industry

The Association of Dietary Fiber Intake in Three Meals with All-Cause and Disease-Specific Mortality among Adults: The U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2003–2014

The timing of food intake can significantly alter the body’s metabolism of nutrient intake and affect the occurrence of chronic diseases. However, whether and how the intake time of dietary fiber could influence mortality risks is largely unknown. This study aims to reveal the association between total dietary fiber intake and fiber intake at different times with all-cause, cancer, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality rates. A total of 31,164 adults who enrolled in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2003 to 2014 are included in this study. Dietary fiber intake was measured using 2-day, 24 h dietary recall. The main exposures in this study were the intake of dietary fiber at breakfast, lunch, and dinner via regression analysis of the residual method. The main outcomes were the all-cause, cancer, and CVD mortality rates. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to evaluate the survival relationship between dietary fiber intake at different times and mortality rates. Among the 31,164 adults, 2915 deaths, including 631 deaths due to cancer and 836 deaths due to CVD, were documented. Firstly, after adjusting for potential confounders, compared to the participants in the lowest quintile of total dietary fiber intake, the participants in the highest quintile of fiber intake had lower all-cause (HR = 0.686, 95% CI: 0.589–0.799, p for trend p for trend = 0.015) mortality risks. Secondly, compared to the participants in the lowest quintile of dietary fiber intake at dinner, the participants in the highest quintile of fiber intake had lower all-cause (HR = 0.796, 95% CI: 0.668–0.949, p for trend = 0.009) and cancer (HR = 0.564, 95% CI: 0.388–0.822, p for trend = 0.005) mortality risks. Furthermore, equivalently replacing each standard deviation of dietary fiber consumed at breakfast with that at dinner was associated with lower cancer mortality risks (HR = 0.846, 95% CI: 0.747–0.958). In conclusion, this study demonstrates that, in the NHANES (2003–2014) cohort, to reduce all-cause and cancer mortality risks, the optimal dietary fiber intake time is in the evening

Pathogen-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: Emerging Mediators of Plant-Microbe Interactions

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid bilayer–enclosed nanoparticles that deliver bioactive proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and other small molecules from donor to recipient cells. They have attracted significant interest recently due to their important roles in regulating plant-microbe interaction. During microbial infection, plant EVs play a prominent role in defense by delivering small regulatory RNA into pathogens, resulting in the silencing of pathogen virulence genes. Pathogens also deliver small RNAs into plant cells to silence host immunity genes. Recent evidence indicates that microbial EVs may be involved in pathogenesis and host immunity modulation by transporting RNAs and other biomolecules. However, the biogenesis and function of microbial EVs in plant-microbe interaction remain ill-defined. In this review, we discuss various aspects of microbial EVs, with a particular focus on current methods for EV isolation, composition, biogenesis, and their roles in plant-microbe interaction. We also discussed the potential role of microbial EVs in cross-kingdom RNA trafficking from pathogens to plants, as it is a highly likely possibility to explore in the future. [Graphic: see text] Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license

Ag/AgBr/AgVO Photocatalyst-Embedded Polyacrylonitrile/Polyamide/Chitosan Nanofiltration Membrane for Integrated Filtration and Degradation of RhB

A nanofiltration (NF) membrane containing a NaOH-treated electrospun polyacrylonitrile (HPAN) substrate, an interfacial polymerization (IP) polyamide (PA) layer, a chitosan (CS) coating layer, and an Ag/AgBr/AgVO photocatalyst loading layer was prepared. The structural evolution of the membranes was investigated, and their performance was estimated in accordance with the water flux and rejection rate. A probable mechanism for the photocatalytic activity of Ag/AgBr/AgVO was proposed. The loading of the Ag/AgBr/AgVO heterojunction on the HPAN/PA/CS NF membrane endowed the membrane with excellent self-cleaning properties owing to the photolytic degradation of the dye. The filtration and degradation processes of the Ag/AgBr/AgVO-loaded membrane constantly promoted each other, and the treatment efficiency achieved with the integrated (filtration + degradation) process was superior to those obtained with the filtration and degradation processes alone. The Ag/AgBr/AgVO-NF membrane exhibited excellent recyclability and stability when subjected to five integrated filtration-degradation processes. In addition, the Ag/AgBr/AgVO-NF membrane exhibited an elastic modulus of 65.75 MPa and a toughness of 38.9 kJ/m along with a good disinfection effect on in visible light. The as-prepared photocatalyst-loaded NF membrane with excellent antifouling performance, antimicrobial activity, high strength, and recyclability showed potential for continuous water purification operation

A Au(I)-Catalyzed Alkoxylation-Induced Double Aldol Condensation Approach to 2,2\u27-Spirobi[indene] Derivatives

An efficient gold(I)-catalyzed intramolecular alkoxylation/double aldol condensation cascade cyclization strategy to synthesize 2,2\u27-spirobi[indene] derivatives has been developed. The scope of this strategy was examined by using a batch of synthetic alkynone substrates and a possible mechanism was proposed

Homoleptic Facial Ir(III) Complexes via Facile Synthesis for High-Efficiency and Low-Roll-Off Near-Infrared Organic Light-Emitting Diodes over 750 nm

Despite the great potential for applications spanning from military night-vision displays and information-secured devices to civilian medical diagnostics and phototherapy, the development of highly efficient, stable, and low-cost near-infrared (NIR) emitting lumophores is still a formidable challenge. Herein, we report two novel NIR-emitting homoleptic facial Ir­(III) complexes based on extended π-conjugated benzo­[<i>g</i>]­phthalazine ligands, namely, tris­[1,4-di­(thiophen-2-yl)­benzo­[<i>g</i>]­phthalazine] iridium­(III) (Ir­(dtbpa)₃, <b>1</b>) and tris­[1-(2,4-bis­(trifluoromethyl)­phenyl)-4-(thiophen-2-yl)­benzo­[<i>g</i>]­phthalazine] iridium­(III) (Ir­(Ftbpa)₃, <b>2</b>). Actually, these two ligands not only enable simple one-pot synthesis of homoleptic Ir­(III) complexes without any catalyst under mild conditions, but also contribute to intense NIR-emission with high photoluminescence quantum yield up to 5.2% at 824 nm for <b>1</b> and 17.3% at 765 nm for <b>2</b>, respectively. Single-crystal structure of <b>1</b> demonstrates desired facial form with short Ir–N and Ir–C bonds because of strong coordination and small steric hindrance of those highly conjugated C^NN ligands. Importantly, the incorporation of CF₃ groups in <b>2</b> further leads to high thermal stability and a good ability to sublime, thus resulting in ultrapurity for highly efficient NIR-organic light-emitting diodes (NIR-OLEDs) with a high maximum external quantum efficiency of 4.5% at 760 nm and small efficiency roll-off remaining of 3.5% at 100 mA cm^–2, values which rank with those of the most efficient NIR-OLEDs with small roll-off and peak emission over 750 nm. Notably, the content percentages of the noble metal in these two complexes (∼10% Ir) are markedly lower by about two-thirds than that of typical green-emitting tris­(2-phenylpyridine)­iridium (∼30% Ir). The findings may provide a new strategy to develop robust NIR emitters and achieve high efficiency, small roll-off, and low cost simultaneously in NIR-OLEDs for practical applications

Association of LACC1, CEBPB-PTPN1, RIPK2 and ADO-EGR2 with ocular Behcet's disease in a Chinese Han population

Background An Immunochip study recently identified the association of a number of new genetic loci with Behcet's disease (BD). Objective To confirm the association between new genetic loci reported in an Immunochip study and BD in a Han Chinese population. Methods A two-stage association study was carried out in 1238 patients with BD and 1458 healthy controls. Twenty-two candidate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were selected for genotyping by iPLEXGoId genotyping or TaqMan SNP assays and a meta-analysis was performed for significantly associated markers. Results The results showed that four SNPs (LACC1/rs9316059, CEBPB-PTPN1/rs913678, ADO-EGR2/rs224127 and RIPK2/rs10094579) were associated with BD in an allelic association test (rs9316059 T allele: p(c)=4.95x10(-8), OR=0.687; rs913678 C allele: p(c)=3.01x10(-4), OR=1.297; rs224127 A allele: p(c)=3.77x10(-4), OR=1.274; rs10094579 A allele: p(c)=6.93x10(-4), OR=1.302). For four SNPs tested by meta-analysis, the association with BD was strengthened and all exceeded genome-wide significance (rs9316059: p=2.96x10(-16); rs913678: p=2.09x10(-16); rs224127: p=5.28x10(-13); rs10094579: p=9.21x10(-11)). Conclusions Our findings confirmed the association of four loci (LACC1, CEBPB-PTPN1, ADO-EGR2 and RIPK2) in Chinese Han patients with BD